WordVale分野別
Law & Justice：意味つき英単語・英語表現100語
- plaintiffthe person who brings a case against another in court
- defendantthe person accused or sued in a court case
- torta wrongful act leading to civil legal liability
- subpoenaan order requiring someone to attend court or produce evidence
- affidavita written statement confirmed by oath for use as evidence
- injunctiona court order requiring someone to do or stop doing something
- depositionsworn out-of-court testimony recorded for later use
- indictmenta formal charge accusing someone of a serious crime
- arraignmenta court hearing where charges are read and a plea entered
- acquittala judgment that a person is not guilty
- appellaterelating to courts that review decisions of lower courts
- damagesmoney awarded as compensation for loss or injury
- deeda signed legal document, especially transferring property
- docketthe schedule of cases awaiting court action
- easementa right to use another person's land for a specific purpose
- felonya serious crime, typically punishable by over a year in prison
- misdemeanora minor criminal offense with lighter punishment
- garnishmentwithholding wages by court order to pay a debt
- habeas corpusa court order protecting against unlawful detention
- hearsaysecondhand testimony, usually inadmissible as evidence
- jurisdictiona court's authority to hear and decide cases
- litigationthe process of taking a dispute through the courts
- negligencefailure to take reasonable care, causing harm
- perjurylying under oath
- plea bargainagreeing to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser charge
- precedentan earlier decision that guides future similar cases
- probatethe legal process of validating and executing a will
- pro bonolegal work done free of charge for the public good
- prosecutionthe party conducting a criminal case against the accused
- remandto send a case back to a lower court, or hold in custody
- restitutioncompensation paid to restore what was lost or taken
- statutea written law passed by a legislature
- testimonya formal statement given by a witness
- verdictthe decision of a jury or judge in a trial
- waivervoluntarily giving up a legal right or claim
- arbitrationsettling a dispute through a neutral third party outside court
- breachthe breaking of a law, agreement, or duty
- class actiona lawsuit filed by a group with the same complaint
- due processfair legal procedures that the state must follow
- liabilitylegal responsibility for one's acts or debts
- alibiproof of being elsewhere when a crime occurred
- amnestyan official pardon for a group of offenders
- bailmoney deposited to release an accused person before trial
- the barthe legal profession, or qualification to practice law
- bylawa rule made by a local authority or organization
- contempt of courtdisobedience or disrespect toward a court
- counsela lawyer or team of lawyers conducting a case
- custodyprotective care or imprisonment; also guardianship of a child
- defamationdamaging someone's reputation with false statements
- disbarto expel a lawyer from the profession
- discoverythe pre-trial exchange of evidence between parties
- dissenta judge's formal disagreement with the majority ruling
- embezzlementstealing funds placed in one's trust
- entrapmentinducing someone to commit a crime they wouldn't have committed
- exhibita document or object produced as evidence in court
- extraditionhanding over an accused person to another jurisdiction
- frauddeception intended to result in unlawful gain
- grand jurya jury deciding whether charges should be brought
- immunitylegal protection from prosecution or liability
- inadmissiblenot allowed to be used as evidence in court
- indemnifyto compensate someone for harm or protect against loss
- intestatehaving died without leaving a valid will
- jurisprudencethe theory and philosophy of law
- lawsuita claim brought to a court for resolution
- libeldefamation in written or published form
- malpracticeprofessional negligence causing harm to a client or patient
- mistriala trial invalidated by a fundamental error
- notaryan official who authenticates documents and signatures
- paralegala trained assistant who supports lawyers
- paroleearly supervised release from prison
- power of attorneylegal authority to act on another's behalf
- settlementresolving a dispute by agreement before judgment
- slanderdefamation in spoken form
- solicitora lawyer who advises clients and prepares cases
- summonsan official order to appear in court
- tribunala body established to settle particular kinds of disputes
- trusteea person who manages property for another's benefit
- burden of proofthe obligation to prove one's claim in court
- cross-examinationquestioning the other side's witness at trial
- exonerateto officially clear someone of blame or wrongdoing
- adjudicateto make a formal judgment on a disputed matter
- amicus curiaean outside party allowed to advise the court
- bailiffan officer who keeps order in a courtroom
- codicilan addition or supplement that modifies a will
- collusionsecret cooperation to deceive or commit fraud
- culpabledeserving blame; legally responsible for wrongdoing
- disclosurethe act of making information known, as required by law
- estoppela bar preventing someone from contradicting a prior position
- expungeto erase a conviction from a legal record
- forensicrelating to scientific methods used to investigate crime
- injunctive reliefa court order requiring or forbidding an action
- interrogatorya formal written question that must be answered under oath
- moothaving no practical significance; already resolved
- plaintiff's barthe community of lawyers who represent plaintiffs
- recuseto withdraw from a case due to a conflict of interest
- redresscompensation or remedy for a wrong
- stipulationan agreement between parties on a point of fact
- sua spontean action taken by a court on its own initiative
- tortfeasora person who commits a civil wrong
- ultra viresbeyond the legal power or authority of a person or body
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